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EPA system MO1010459 · Missouri

Lees Summit PWS: Lithium at or above EPA's 10 ppb health reference level

System ID MO1010459; community water system; Missouri; source: purchased surface water; serves 99,400 people via 39,042 connections; status: active

In focus99,400people served, EPA registry
Public records. Clearer context.
Highest result against its EPA referenceLithium
Lithium: 56.7 ppb; health reference level 10 ppb. highest single sample.56.7 ppbhealth reference level: 10 ppb

highest single sample; sampled January 2024–October 2024. Source: EPA UCMR 5 final release, August 2026.

Lees Summit PWS is a local-government-owned community water system in Missouri serving about 99,400 people, matched to 9 ZIP codes.

< 4.0 ppt
PFOA, highest complete-set average
6 samples, none above the reporting level
MCL 4.0 ppt · not detected above the reporting level
< 4.0 ppt
PFOS, highest complete-set average
6 samples, none above the reporting level
MCL 4.0 ppt · not detected above the reporting level
56.7 ppb
Lithium, highest single sample
6 of 6 samples above the reporting level
health reference level 10 ppb · at or above the health reference level
1 / 29
PFAS found above the reporting level
180 results, 2 entry points
0 at or above an MCL on the average basis
0 ppb
Lead 90th percentile
period ending Dec 31, 2023
action level 15 ppb · below the action level
0
health-based violations since Sep 3, 2016
5 violations in total

What EPA says about what was found

  • Lithium EPA's health reference level is derived from a 2008 provisional toxicity value based on effects seen at therapeutic lithium doses; EPA notes the assessment is provisional. EPA source
  • PFBA EPA's 2022 IRIS assessment for PFBA cites thyroid, liver and developmental effects in animal studies. EPA source

Quoted from EPA assessments. This site adds no health claims of its own.

PFAS and lithium: what EPA's national survey found

EPA tested this water for 30 substances and found 2. Lithium reached 56.7 ppb; EPA's health reference level, which is guidance and not a limit, is 10 ppb.

Between January 2024 and October 2024, EPA's UCMR 5 program tested 180 samples from 2 sampling locations for 30 contaminants (29 PFAS plus lithium). 2 were detected above the reporting level in at least one sample. Lithium reached 56.7 ppb in a single sample, at or above the health reference level of 10 ppb, which is non-regulatory.

Result EPA comparesNot detected, shown at the reporting levelEPA reference value, at the middle of each row's scale
ContaminantResult against the EPA referenceResultStatus
Lithiumhighest single sample
56.7 ppb
at or above the health reference level
PFBAhighest single sample
5.7 ppt
below the screening level
Show the 28 contaminants not detected above the reporting level
11Cl-PF3OUdSnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
4:2 FTSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
6:2 FTSnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
8:2 FTSnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
9Cl-PF3ONSnot detected · reporting level 2.0 ppt
< 2.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
ADONAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
HFPO-DA (GenX)not detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
NEtFOSAAnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
NFDHAnot detected · reporting level 20.0 ppt
< 20.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
NMeFOSAAnot detected · reporting level 6.0 ppt
< 6.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFBSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFDAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFDoAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFEESAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHpAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHpSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHxAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHxSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFMBAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFMPAnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFNAnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFOAnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFOSnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFPeAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFPeSnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFTAnot detected · reporting level 8.0 ppt
< 8.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFTrDAnot detected · reporting level 7.0 ppt
< 7.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFUnAnot detected · reporting level 2.0 ppt
< 2.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
Full table: samples, detections, highest single sample, complete-set average and sampling dates for all 30 contaminants
ContaminantSamplesDetectionsHighest single sampleComplete-set average (results used)EPA referenceStatusSampled
Lithium6656.7 ppb41.0 ppb (4 of 4)10 ppb health reference level · compared on the highest sampleat or above the health reference levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFBA615.7 ppt1.4 ppt (4 of 4)6,000 ppt screening level · compared on the highest samplebelow the screening levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
11Cl-PF3OUdS60< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
4:2 FTS60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
6:2 FTS60< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
8:2 FTS60< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
9Cl-PF3ONS60< 2.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
ADONA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
HFPO-DA (GenX)60< 5.0 ppt10.0 ppt MCL (rescission proposed) · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
NEtFOSAA60< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
NFDHA60< 20.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
NMeFOSAA60< 6.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFBS60< 3.0 ppt2,000 ppt health-based water concentration · compared on the highest samplenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFDA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFDoA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFEESA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFHpA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFHpS60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFHxA60< 3.0 ppt3,000 ppt screening level · compared on the highest samplenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFHxS60< 3.0 ppt10.0 ppt MCL (rescission proposed) · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFMBA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFMPA60< 4.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFNA60< 4.0 ppt10.0 ppt MCL (rescission proposed) · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFOA60< 4.0 ppt4.0 ppt MCL · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFOS60< 4.0 ppt4.0 ppt MCL · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFPeA60< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFPeS60< 4.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFTA60< 8.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFTrDA60< 7.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
PFUnA60< 2.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelJanuary 2024 – October 2024
UCMR 5 is a one-time national monitoring survey. Its results do not indicate compliance or non-compliance with the PFAS Maximum Contaminant Levels, which are enforced on running annual averages and take effect in 2029 (EPA has proposed allowing extensions to 2031). A single result above a limit on this page is a measurement, not a violation.

Sampling-point average: mean of a location's two (ground water) or four (surface water) UCMR 5 results with non-detects counted as zero, EPA's method for comparing UCMR 5 data to the PFAS MCLs. EPA rounds to the reference value's significant digits before deciding whether an average is "greater than" an MCL (PFOA/PFOS averages count as above 4.0 ng/L only from 4.05 ng/L; lithium results count as above the 10 ppb reference only from 15 ppb). This site does not apply that rounding: "at or above" here means the measured value is numerically at or above the reference.

Every detection by sampling location (7 results)
DateSampling locationSource waterContaminantResultReporting level
Jan 24, 2024CC 1 INDEPENDENCE MO1010399 Lees Summit PWSground waterLithium34 ppb9 ppb
Jan 24, 2024CC 2 KANSAS CITY MO1010415 Lees Summit PWSsurface waterLithium44.2 ppb9 ppb
Apr 4, 2024CC 2 KANSAS CITY MO1010415 Lees Summit PWSsurface waterLithium36.8 ppb9 ppb
Jul 11, 2024CC 1 INDEPENDENCE MO1010399 Lees Summit PWSground waterLithium33.4 ppb9 ppb
Jul 11, 2024CC 2 KANSAS CITY MO1010415 Lees Summit PWSsurface waterPFBA5.7 ppt5.0 ppt
Jul 11, 2024CC 2 KANSAS CITY MO1010415 Lees Summit PWSsurface waterLithium26.4 ppb9 ppb
Oct 14, 2024CC 2 KANSAS CITY MO1010415 Lees Summit PWSsurface waterLithium56.7 ppb9 ppb

Utility-reported context (UCMR 5 questionnaire, aggregated across sampling events): PFAS previously found at this system: not known at 6 of 6 sampling events; potential PFAS sources nearby: no at 6 of 6 sampling events.

Lead at customer taps

In the latest completed monitoring period, ending Dec 31, 2023, 9 in 10 sampled homes had lead at or below 0 ppb, below the 15 ppb action level that triggers utility action. None of the 19 periods on record reached it.

Action level 15 ppb015Jan 1, 2004 – Dec 31, 2004: 1.4 ppbJan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2007: 1.4 ppbJan 1, 2008 – Dec 31, 2010: 0 ppbJan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2011: 0 ppbJan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2013: 0 ppbJan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014: 0 ppbJan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016: 0 ppbJan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2017: 0 ppbJan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2019: 0 ppbJan 1, 2018 – Dec 31, 2020: 0 ppbJan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2022: 0 ppbJan 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2023: 0 ppbDec 31, 2004Dec 31, 20230 ppb

In the most recent completed lead monitoring period, ending Dec 31, 2023, the 90th-percentile lead result at customer taps was 0 ppb, below the action level of 15 ppb (19 monitoring periods on record, none at the action level). The 90th percentile is the value that 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below. Values are in parts per billion (ppb).

Monitoring periodMetal90th percentileAction levelStatus
Jan 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2023Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2022Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2018 – Dec 31, 2020Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2019Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2017Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2013Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2011Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2008 – Dec 31, 2010Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2007Lead1.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2004 – Dec 31, 2004Lead1.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Show all 19 monitoring periods on record
Monitoring periodMetal90th percentileAction levelStatus
Jan 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2023Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2022Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2018 – Dec 31, 2020Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2019Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2017Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2013Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2011Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2008 – Dec 31, 2010Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2007Lead1.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2004 – Dec 31, 2004Lead1.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2001 – Dec 31, 2001Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 1996 – Dec 31, 1998Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 1995 – Dec 31, 1995Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1994 – Jun 30, 1995Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1993 – Jun 30, 1994Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 1993 – Jun 30, 1993Lead0 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1992 – Dec 31, 1992Lead3.9 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level

Drinking water violations since Sep 3, 2016

EPA lists 5 violations since Sep 3, 2016. None is health-based. All concern missed monitoring, reporting or public notices, not the water itself.

EPA's SDWIS database lists 5 violations recorded since Sep 3, 2016: 4 for monitoring or reporting, 1 other (public notification or consumer confidence report requirements), none health-based.

Compliance periodTypeContaminant / ruleDescriptionRecordsStatus
May 1, 2024 – May 31, 2024MONRevised Total Coliform RuleMonitoring, Routine (RTCR)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Jun 28, 2023OtherPublic NoticePublic Notification Violation for NPDWR Violation1 recordResolved · 1 enforcement action
May 1, 2022 – May 31, 2022MONRevised Total Coliform RuleMonitoring, Routine (RTCR)1 recordResolved · 5 enforcement actions
Oct 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2021MRTotal Haloacetic Acids (Haa5)Monitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 4 enforcement actions
Oct 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2021MRTthmMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 4 enforcement actions

Sanitary surveys and site visits

Most recent state inspection: Jan 30, 2024 (sanitary survey); 2 visits since Sep 3, 2021.

What you can do about these results

Filters certified to reduce PFOA and PFOS

EPA testing found 1 PFAS above reporting levels in this utility's water.

Look for NSF/ANSI 53 (activated carbon) or NSF/ANSI 58 (reverse osmosis) certification that names PFOA/PFOS reduction.

Lithium: what reduces it

Lithium reached 56.7 ppb in a single sample, at or above EPA's non-regulatory 10 ppb health reference level.

No NSF/ANSI certification claim exists for lithium. Reverse osmosis systems reduce dissolved minerals generally; we do not recommend a specific product for lithium.

ZIP codes served

Sources

Data vintage: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data, samples collected 2023-01-03 – 2026-06-17, final release, August 2026 (file dated Aug 28, 2026); EPA SDWIS via ECHO, 2026Q2 extract (file dated Jul 9, 2026); EPA service-area boundaries v3.0; Census 2020 ZCTAs. Page generated 2026-09-03.

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