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EPA system NJ0514001 · New Jersey

Wildwood City Water Department: Lithium at or above EPA's 10 ppb health reference level

System ID NJ0514001; community water system; New Jersey; source: groundwater; serves 218,472 people via 17,929 connections; status: active

In focus218,472people served, EPA registry
Public records. Clearer context.
Highest result against its EPA referenceLithium
Lithium: 12.9 ppb; health reference level 10 ppb. highest single sample.12.9 ppbhealth reference level: 10 ppb

highest single sample; sampled April 2023–September 2024. Source: EPA UCMR 5 final release, August 2026.

Wildwood City Water Department is a local-government-owned community water system in New Jersey serving about 218,472 people, matched to 2 ZIP codes.

< 4.0 ppt
PFOA, highest complete-set average
14 samples, none above the reporting level
MCL 4.0 ppt · not detected above the reporting level
< 4.0 ppt
PFOS, highest complete-set average
14 samples, none above the reporting level
MCL 4.0 ppt · not detected above the reporting level
12.9 ppb
Lithium, highest single sample
9 of 14 samples above the reporting level
health reference level 10 ppb · at or above the health reference level
0 / 29
PFAS found above the reporting level
420 results, 7 entry points
0 at or above an MCL on the average basis
3.4 ppb
Lead 90th percentile
period ending Dec 31, 2023
action level 15 ppb · below the action level
0
health-based violations since Sep 3, 2016
43 violations in total

PFAS treatment declared to EPA: None declared (14 of 14 sampling events) · PFAS found before UCMR 5: Yes, at 14 of 14 sampling events

What EPA says about what was found

  • Lithium EPA's health reference level is derived from a 2008 provisional toxicity value based on effects seen at therapeutic lithium doses; EPA notes the assessment is provisional. EPA source

Quoted from EPA assessments. This site adds no health claims of its own.

PFAS and lithium: what EPA's national survey found

EPA tested this water for 30 substances and found 1. Lithium reached 12.9 ppb; EPA's health reference level, which is guidance and not a limit, is 10 ppb.

Between April 2023 and September 2024, EPA's UCMR 5 program tested 420 samples from 7 sampling locations for 30 contaminants (29 PFAS plus lithium). 1 were detected above the reporting level in at least one sample. Lithium reached 12.9 ppb in a single sample, at or above the health reference level of 10 ppb, which is non-regulatory.

Result EPA comparesNot detected, shown at the reporting levelEPA reference value, at the middle of each row's scale
ContaminantResult against the EPA referenceResultStatus
Lithiumhighest single sample
12.9 ppb
at or above the health reference level
Show the 29 contaminants not detected above the reporting level
11Cl-PF3OUdSnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
4:2 FTSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
6:2 FTSnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
8:2 FTSnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
9Cl-PF3ONSnot detected · reporting level 2.0 ppt
< 2.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
ADONAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
HFPO-DA (GenX)not detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
NEtFOSAAnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
NFDHAnot detected · reporting level 20.0 ppt
< 20.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
NMeFOSAAnot detected · reporting level 6.0 ppt
< 6.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFBAnot detected · reporting level 5.0 ppt
< 5.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFBSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFDAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFDoAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFEESAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHpAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHpSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHxAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFHxSnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFMBAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFMPAnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFNAnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFOAnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFOSnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFPeAnot detected · reporting level 3.0 ppt
< 3.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFPeSnot detected · reporting level 4.0 ppt
< 4.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFTAnot detected · reporting level 8.0 ppt
< 8.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFTrDAnot detected · reporting level 7.0 ppt
< 7.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
PFUnAnot detected · reporting level 2.0 ppt
< 2.0 ppt
not detected above the reporting level
Full table: samples, detections, highest single sample, complete-set average and sampling dates for all 30 contaminants
ContaminantSamplesDetectionsHighest single sampleComplete-set average (results used)EPA referenceStatusSampled
Lithium14912.9 ppb12.8 ppb (2 of 2)10 ppb health reference level · compared on the highest sampleat or above the health reference levelApril 2023 – September 2024
11Cl-PF3OUdS140< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
4:2 FTS140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
6:2 FTS140< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
8:2 FTS140< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
9Cl-PF3ONS140< 2.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
ADONA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
HFPO-DA (GenX)140< 5.0 ppt10.0 ppt MCL (rescission proposed) · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
NEtFOSAA140< 5.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
NFDHA140< 20.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
NMeFOSAA140< 6.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFBA140< 5.0 ppt6,000 ppt screening level · compared on the highest samplenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFBS140< 3.0 ppt2,000 ppt health-based water concentration · compared on the highest samplenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFDA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFDoA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFEESA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFHpA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFHpS140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFHxA140< 3.0 ppt3,000 ppt screening level · compared on the highest samplenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFHxS140< 3.0 ppt10.0 ppt MCL (rescission proposed) · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFMBA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFMPA140< 4.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFNA140< 4.0 ppt10.0 ppt MCL (rescission proposed) · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFOA140< 4.0 ppt4.0 ppt MCL · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFOS140< 4.0 ppt4.0 ppt MCL · compared on the complete-set averagenot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFPeA140< 3.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFPeS140< 4.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFTA140< 8.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFTrDA140< 7.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
PFUnA140< 2.0 pptnone setnot detected above the reporting levelApril 2023 – November 2023
UCMR 5 is a one-time national monitoring survey. Its results do not indicate compliance or non-compliance with the PFAS Maximum Contaminant Levels, which are enforced on running annual averages and take effect in 2029 (EPA has proposed allowing extensions to 2031). A single result above a limit on this page is a measurement, not a violation.

Sampling-point average: mean of a location's two (ground water) or four (surface water) UCMR 5 results with non-detects counted as zero, EPA's method for comparing UCMR 5 data to the PFAS MCLs. EPA rounds to the reference value's significant digits before deciding whether an average is "greater than" an MCL (PFOA/PFOS averages count as above 4.0 ng/L only from 4.05 ng/L; lithium results count as above the 10 ppb reference only from 15 ppb). This site does not apply that rounding: "at or above" here means the measured value is numerically at or above the reference.

Every detection by sampling location (9 results)
DateSampling locationSource waterContaminantResultReporting level
Apr 28, 2023Rio Grande Pump Station Rio Grande Pump Stationground waterLithium12.9 ppb9 ppb
Apr 28, 2023#33/#47 WELL #33/#47 Wellground waterLithium9.1 ppb9 ppb
Apr 28, 2023#49 WELL #49 Wellground waterLithium9.7 ppb9 ppb
Apr 28, 2023#3 WELL #3 Wellground waterLithium10.2 ppb9 ppb
Apr 28, 2023#39 WELL #39 Wellground waterLithium10.5 ppb9 ppb
Apr 28, 2023#48 WELL #48 Wellground waterLithium11.5 ppb9 ppb
Oct 25, 2023Rio Grande Pump Station Rio Grande Pump Stationground waterLithium12.7 ppb9 ppb
Oct 25, 2023#49 WELL #49 Wellground waterLithium9.1 ppb9 ppb
Sep 27, 2024#39 WELL #39 Wellground waterLithium10.2 ppb9 ppb

Utility-reported context (UCMR 5 questionnaire, aggregated across sampling events): PFAS previously found at this system: yes at 14 of 14 sampling events; potential PFAS sources nearby: no at 14 of 14 sampling events; PFAS treatment in place: no PFAS treatment at 14 of 14 sampling events.

Lead at customer taps

In the latest completed monitoring period, ending Dec 31, 2023, 9 in 10 sampled homes had lead at or below 3.4 ppb, below the 15 ppb action level that triggers utility action. None of the 14 periods on record reached it.

Action level 15 ppb015Jul 1, 1994 – Dec 31, 1994: 9.8 ppbJul 1, 1995 – Dec 31, 1995: 11 ppbJul 1, 1996 – Dec 31, 1996: 13 ppbJul 1, 1999 – Dec 31, 1999: 14 ppbJan 1, 2002 – Dec 31, 2004: 3.3 ppbJan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2007: 4.5 ppbJan 1, 2006 – Dec 31, 2008: 3.4 ppbJan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2011: 4.1 ppbJan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014: 4.8 ppbJan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2017: 11.6 ppbJan 1, 2018 – Dec 31, 2020: 5 ppbJan 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2023: 3.4 ppbDec 31, 1994Dec 31, 20233.4 ppb

In the most recent completed lead monitoring period, ending Dec 31, 2023, the 90th-percentile lead result at customer taps was 3.4 ppb, below the action level of 15 ppb (14 monitoring periods on record, none at the action level). The 90th percentile is the value that 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below. Values are in parts per billion (ppb).

Monitoring periodMetal90th percentileAction levelStatus
Jan 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2023Lead3.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2018 – Dec 31, 2020Lead5 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2017Lead11.6 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014Lead4.8 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2011Lead4.1 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2006 – Dec 31, 2008Lead3.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2007Lead4.5 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2002 – Dec 31, 2004Lead3.3 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1999 – Dec 31, 1999Lead14 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1996 – Dec 31, 1996Lead13 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1995 – Dec 31, 1995Lead11 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1994 – Dec 31, 1994Lead9.8 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Show all 14 monitoring periods on record
Monitoring periodMetal90th percentileAction levelStatus
Jan 1, 2021 – Dec 31, 2023Lead3.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2018 – Dec 31, 2020Lead5 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2017Lead11.6 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014Lead4.8 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2011Lead4.1 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2006 – Dec 31, 2008Lead3.4 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2007Lead4.5 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 2002 – Dec 31, 2004Lead3.3 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1999 – Dec 31, 1999Lead14 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1996 – Dec 31, 1996Lead13 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1995 – Dec 31, 1995Lead11 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1994 – Dec 31, 1994Lead9.8 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jan 1, 1993 – Jun 30, 1993Lead11 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level
Jul 1, 1992 – Dec 31, 1992Lead11 ppb15 ppbbelow the action level

Drinking water violations since Sep 3, 2016

EPA lists 43 violations since Sep 3, 2016. None is health-based. All concern missed monitoring, reporting or public notices, not the water itself.

EPA's SDWIS database lists 43 violations recorded since Sep 3, 2016: 42 for monitoring or reporting, 1 other (public notification or consumer confidence report requirements), none health-based.

Compliance periodTypeContaminant / ruleDescriptionRecordsStatus
Jul 1, 2025 – Sep 30, 2025MRTthmMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordArchived · 2 enforcement actions
Jul 1, 2025 – Sep 30, 2025MRTotal Haloacetic Acids (Haa5)Monitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordArchived · 2 enforcement actions
Nov 1, 2022 – Jan 31, 2023MRTthmMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Nov 1, 2022 – Jan 31, 2023MRTotal Haloacetic Acids (Haa5)Monitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Oct 1, 2022 – Dec 31, 2022MR1,2-Dibromo-3-ChloropropaneMonitoring, Regular6 records at 6 facilitiesResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Oct 1, 2022 – Dec 31, 2022MREthylene DibromideMonitoring, Regular6 records at 6 facilitiesResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Oct 1, 2022 – Dec 31, 2022MR1,2-Dibromo-3-ChloropropaneMonitoring, Regular1 recordArchived · 2 enforcement actions
Oct 1, 2022 – Dec 31, 2022MREthylene DibromideMonitoring, Regular1 recordArchived · 2 enforcement actions
Feb 1, 2022 – Apr 30, 2022MRTthmMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Feb 1, 2022 – Apr 30, 2022MRTotal Haloacetic Acids (Haa5)Monitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
May 1, 2021 – Jul 31, 2021MRTotal Haloacetic Acids (Haa5)Monitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
May 1, 2021 – Jul 31, 2021MRTthmMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 3 enforcement actions
Sep 25, 2020MRE. ColiMonitoring, Source Water (GWR)1 recordResolved · 2 enforcement actions
Aug 11, 2020RPTRevised Total Coliform RuleReport Sample Result/Fail Monitor (RTCR)1 recordResolved · 2 enforcement actions
Jul 1, 2020OtherConsumer Confidence RuleConsumer Confidence Report Complete Failure to Report1 recordResolved · 2 enforcement actions
Jul 1, 2020 – Jul 31, 2020MONRevised Total Coliform RuleMonitoring, Routine (RTCR)1 recordResolved · 4 enforcement actions
Jan 1, 2020 – Mar 31, 2020MREthylene DibromideMonitoring, Regular7 records at 7 facilitiesResolved · 4 enforcement actions
Jan 1, 2020 – Mar 31, 2020MR1,2-Dibromo-3-ChloropropaneMonitoring, Regular7 records at 7 facilitiesResolved · 4 enforcement actions
Nov 1, 2019 – Jan 31, 2020MRTthmMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 5 enforcement actions
Nov 1, 2019 – Jan 31, 2020MRTotal Haloacetic Acids (Haa5)Monitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 5 enforcement actions
Apr 1, 2019 – Jun 30, 2019MRChlorineMonitoring and Reporting (DBP)1 recordResolved · 2 enforcement actions

Sanitary surveys and site visits

Most recent state inspection: Apr 24, 2025 (sanitary survey); 1 visit since Sep 3, 2021.

What you can do about these results

Lithium: what reduces it

Lithium reached 12.9 ppb in a single sample, at or above EPA's non-regulatory 10 ppb health reference level.

No NSF/ANSI certification claim exists for lithium. Reverse osmosis systems reduce dissolved minerals generally; we do not recommend a specific product for lithium.

ZIP codes served

Sources

Data vintage: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data, samples collected 2023-01-03 – 2026-06-17, final release, August 2026 (file dated Aug 28, 2026); EPA SDWIS via ECHO, 2026Q2 extract (file dated Jul 9, 2026); EPA service-area boundaries v3.0; Census 2020 ZCTAs. Page generated 2026-09-03.

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