EPA system TX1010013 · Texas

City of Houston: Lithium at or above EPA's 10 ppb health reference level

System ID TX1010013; community water system; Texas; source: surface water; serves 2,970,543 people via 990,181 connections; status: active

In focus2,970,543people served, EPA registry

Public records. Clearer context.

City of Houston is a local-government-owned community water system in Texas serving about 2,970,543 people, matched to 110 ZIP codes.

PFAS treatment declared to EPA: None declared (101 of 101 sampling events) · PFAS found before UCMR 5: Yes, at 101 of 102 sampling events

PFAS and lithium: what EPA's national survey found

EPA tested this water for 30 substances and found 5. Lithium reached 33.9 ppb; EPA's health reference level, which is guidance and not a limit, is 10 ppb.

Between February 2023 and February 2025, EPA's UCMR 5 program tested 2,880 samples from 39 sampling locations for 30 contaminants (29 PFAS plus lithium). 5 were detected above the reporting level in at least one sample. Lithium reached 33.9 ppb in a single sample, at or above the health reference level of 10 ppb, which is non-regulatory.

Sampling-point average: mean of a location's two (ground water) or four (surface water) UCMR 5 results with non-detects counted as zero, EPA's method for comparing UCMR 5 data to the PFAS MCLs. EPA rounds to the reference value's significant digits before deciding whether an average is "greater than" an MCL (PFOA/PFOS averages count as above 4.0 ng/L only from 4.05 ng/L; lithium results count as above the 10 ppb reference only from 15 ppb). This site does not apply that rounding: "at or above" here means the measured value is numerically at or above the reference.

Utility-reported context (UCMR 5 questionnaire, aggregated across sampling events): PFAS previously found at this system: yes at 101 of 102 sampling events, no at 1 of 102 sampling events; potential PFAS sources nearby: no at 102 of 102 sampling events; PFAS treatment in place: no PFAS treatment at 101 of 101 sampling events.

Lead at customer taps

In the latest completed monitoring period, ending Jun 30, 2024, 9 in 10 sampled homes had lead at or below 5 ppb, below the 15 ppb action level that triggers utility action. None of the 17 periods on record reached it.

In the most recent completed lead monitoring period, ending Jun 30, 2024, the 90th-percentile lead result at customer taps was 5 ppb, below the action level of 15 ppb (17 monitoring periods on record, none at the action level). The 90th percentile is the value that 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below. Values are in parts per billion (ppb).

Drinking water violations since Sep 3, 2016

EPA lists 2 violations since Sep 3, 2016. 1 is health-based, meaning a contaminant or treatment rule was not met. The other 1 concerns missed monitoring, reporting or public notices.

EPA's SDWIS database lists 2 violations recorded since Sep 3, 2016: 1 health-based (a contaminant above its maximum contaminant level, a disinfectant above its maximum residual level, or a required treatment technique not met), 1 for monitoring or reporting.

Sanitary surveys and site visits

Most recent state inspection: Oct 13, 2025 (sanitary survey); 2 visits since Sep 3, 2021.

What you can do about these results

ZIP codes served

Sources

Data vintage: EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data, samples collected 2023-01-03 – 2026-06-17, final release, August 2026 (file dated Aug 28, 2026); EPA SDWIS via ECHO, 2026Q2 extract (file dated Jul 9, 2026); EPA service-area boundaries v3.0; Census 2020 ZCTAs. Page generated 2026-09-03.

• EPA ECHO detailed facility report
• EPA UCMR 5 Data Finder
• EPA service-area boundary: modeled, 571.1 sq mi